The effect of a particular cytokine on a given cell depends on the cytokine, its extracellular abundance, the presence and abundance of the complementary receptor on the cell surface, and downstream …

Jan 3, 2023 · Think of a cytokine as a key and the receptor on the receiving cell like a lock. When the cytokine (key) enters the cytokine receptor (lock), the receiving cell receives a message that tells it …

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Aug 5, 2025 · The term “cytokine” refers to a broad class of molecules, including interleukins, interferons, tumor necrosis factors, colony-stimulating factors, chemokines, and growth factors.

Dec 19, 2025 · Cytokine, any of a group of small, short-lived proteins that are released by one cell to regulate the function of another cell, thereby serving as intercellular chemical messengers.

Cytokine storm, or cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in severe COVID-19 cases results from a dysregulated immune response, marked by delayed production of type-I and type-III IFNs and a …

The clinical significance of cytokines, factors affecting cytokine quantification, and advances of cytokine detection are summarized, providing a prospective for real‐time quantification of multiplex cytokines …

This action may occur in an autocrine (acts on same cell), paracrine (acts on nearby cell) or endocrine (acts on distant cell; not the normal manner for cytokine responses) manner.

Jul 26, 2025 · Major Cytokine Families and Their Roles The diverse functions of cytokines are carried out by different families of these signaling proteins, each with specialized roles. These families …

3 days ago · Cytokine storm represents a severe, often life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndrome characterized by elevated levels of cytokines that lead to organ damage. In this Primer, Kanneganti …