Transparent conductive thin films are crucial in various semiconductor devices, including solar cells, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and sensors. Indium tin oxide (ITO) ...
Electron beam deposition occurs at high vacuum (10-7 Torr). A focused beam of high-energy electrons is directed to a crucible containing the ultra-high purity source material (such as gold). The beam ...
An international group of scientists investigated the use of silicon dioxide (SiO2) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) as an anti-reflection coating for polycrystalline silicon solar cells. “The primary ...