The extension of the myotomy onto the gastric wall (clearly the most critical and challenging part of the operation) proved difficult because of poor exposure, with the consequent risk of a short ...
An endoscope with a transparent cap enters through a 2 cm mucosal incision into the submucosal “third” space, approximately 5 cm proximal to the lower esophageal sphincter. Four distinct tissue layers ...
Preoperative evaluation is essentially the same as that for laparoscopic Heller myotomy. The patient is placed under general anesthesia and intubated with a double-lumen endotracheal tube so that the ...
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