Diffraction spikes, visible in high-power astronomical images, are an intrinsic optical phenomenon in reflecting telescopes, primarily caused by the diffraction and subsequent interference of incoming ...

The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) promises to eliminate the resolution limitation imposed on imaging of biological materials by radiation damage 1. Owing to the extreme brevity and high ...

Using ultrahigh-intensity x-ray beams can cause the intensity of diffraction patterns from samples to drop Figure 1: An x-ray diffraction pattern obtained from a sample of Martian soil. X-ray ...

Flat lenses offer a way to minimize the optical aberrations and astigmatisms that conventional spherical lenses can be prone to, and can potentially open up new applications that traditional lens are ...