Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) represent a critical component in the operation of fuel cells, acting as electrolytes that facilitate the selective conduction of protons while simultaneously serving ...

The proton exchange membrane electrolysis of water (PEMWE) is a critical process for hydrogen generation. However, the limited ability of electrons and protons to permeate the membrane and the ...

Fuel cells are compact energy conversion units that utilize clean energy sources like hydrogen and convert them into electricity through a series of oxidation–reduction reactions. Specifically, proton ...

Liquid nitrogen isn’t exactly an everyday material, but it’s acquired conveniently enough to be used in extreme overclocking experiments, classroom demonstrations, chemistry and physics experiments, ...

There is a growing need for alternative battery technologies. While lithium-ion batteries are widely used, they depend on resources with limited availability, such as lithium and cobalt, whose ...