In process automation, an alarm is defined as an audible and/or visible means of indicating to the operator an equipment malfunction, process deviation, or abnormal condition requiring an operator ...

Compared to factory automation, process control places additional demands on communication technology. Process plants, which extend over wide areas, have a lifespan of 20+ years. They invariably run ...

Vacuum degassing processes in low carbon steel production improve material properties, with real-time gas analysis critical ...