It is now practical to write software for real-time systems long before the actual computer hardware is sitting in a physical prototype. In today’s world it is rare to find electromechanical devices ...

Manufacturers today face many hurdles in their manufacturing applications. Process parameters can range from one application to the next. While some applications require very little precision and ...

One segment of a process control system. An open-loop control process requires human intervention, whereas a closed-loop system is entirely automated (see PID). See process control. THIS DEFINITION IS ...

Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Here is how to implement a stepper motor to sense position and actively correct any error that might accrue during actuation.

A mathematical model is developed which describes the operation of an A/F control system containing an engine, an exhaust gas oxygen sensor, and a feedback controller. The dependence of model ...

In 2012, Automation World published an article looking at the decision factors faced when choosing electric or pneumatic actuators. More than a decade later, manufacturing engineers and OEMs still ...