In all but the most pedestrian of cases, you really should consider some form of input protection between your sensors and your computational platform. In my “Beginner’s Guide to Sensor Interfacing ...

This file type includes high resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. When the need arises to convert voltage readings from an analog sensor into a pulse train, a low-end microcontroller ...

Many microcontrollers feature a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) output that can be low-pass filtered to produce a variable dc voltage. Without additional circuitry, however, this technique is limited to ...