In many network communications it is crucial to be able to authenticate both the contents and the origin of a message. Digital signatures based on public key schemas are used for such authentication.

Cryptographic hash functions are crucial in ensuring the security and integrity of information across diverse industries. They protect sensitive financial transactions in banking, verify data ...

The exchange and storage of information has emerged as a crucial aspect of technological, economic and human progress in today's society. Computer aided systems help to administer this information ...

If you have sent any plaintext confidential emails to someone (most likely you did), have you ever questioned yourself about the mail being tampered with or read by anyone during transit? If not, you ...